: 43 "There was, in the father's life, some dark and vague source of fear which later made him hurl himself to his death from the attic of his house in Hamburg." : 88Īrthur showed similar moodiness during his youth and often acknowledged that he inherited it from his father. Heinrich had become so fussy, even his wife started to doubt his mental health. He was prone to anxiety and depression each becoming more pronounced later in his life. Although it was possible that his death was accidental, his wife and son believed that it was suicide. In 1805, Heinrich drowned in a canal near their home in Hamburg. : 56 He was also under pressure from his father, who became very critical of his educational results. He continued to sharply criticize Anglican religiosity later in life despite his general Anglophilia. He spent twelve weeks of the tour attending school in Wimbledon, where he was disillusioned by strict and intellectually shallow Anglican religiosity. He deeply regretted his choice later because the merchant training was very tedious. Heinrich offered Arthur a choice: he could stay at home and start preparations for university, or he could travel with them and continue his merchant education. Viewed as primarily a pleasure tour, Heinrich used the opportunity to visit some of his business associates abroad. In 1803, he accompanied his parents on a European tour of Holland, Britain, France, Switzerland, Austria and Prussia. : 18 As early as 1799, Arthur started playing the flute. He seemed to enjoy his two-year stay there, learning to speak French and fostering a life-long friendship with Jean Anthime Grégoire de Blésimaire. In 1797, Arthur was sent to Le Havre to live with the family of his father's business associate, Grégoire de Blésimaire. Adele, Arthur's only sibling, was born on 12 July 1797. His firm continued trading in Danzig where most of their extended families remained. : 9 When Danzig became part of Prussia in 1793, Heinrich moved to Hamburg-a free city with a republican constitution. While they came from a Protestant background, neither of them were very religious : 79 both supported the French Revolution, : 13 were republicans, cosmopolitans and Anglophiles. Ducha 47), the son of Johanna Schopenhauer (née Trosiener 1766–1838) and Heinrich Floris Schopenhauer (1747–1805), both descendants of wealthy German patrician families. Ducha (formerly Heiligegeistgasse)Īrthur Schopenhauer was born on 22 February 1788, in Danzig (then part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth present-day Gdańsk, Poland) on Heiligegeistgasse (present day Św. Those who have cited his influence include philosophers Emil Cioran, Friedrich Nietzsche and Ludwig Wittgenstein scientists Erwin Schrödinger and Albert Einstein psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung writers Leo Tolstoy, Herman Melville, Thomas Mann, Hermann Hesse, Machado de Assis, Jorge Luis Borges, Marcel Proust and Samuel Beckett and composers Richard Wagner, Johannes Brahms, Arnold Schoenberg and Gustav Mahler. His writing on aesthetics, morality, and psychology have influenced many thinkers and artists. Though his work failed to garner substantial attention during his lifetime, Schopenhauer had a posthumous impact across various disciplines, including philosophy, literature, and science. His work has been described as an exemplary manifestation of philosophical pessimism. He was among the first thinkers in Western philosophy to share and affirm significant tenets of Indian philosophy, such as asceticism, denial of the self, and the notion of the world-as-appearance. Building on the transcendental idealism of Immanuel Kant (1724–1804), Schopenhauer developed an atheistic metaphysical and ethical system that rejected the contemporaneous ideas of German idealism. He is best known for his 1818 work The World as Will and Representation (expanded in 1844), which characterizes the phenomenal world as the product of a blind noumenal will. Arthur Schopenhauer ( / ˈ ʃ oʊ p ən h aʊər/ SHOH-pən-how-ər, German: ( listen) 22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.
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